Tidbits of History, November 29

November 29 is:

Square Dance Day The square dance is the official dance of nineteen American states. Square Dance is a fun, simple, and healthy form of dance and it has roots in normal English, Irish and Scottish folk dance.

National Lemon Cream Pie Day
Lemon cream pie is a Southern specialty which was first made in the 1920s.

National Rice Cake Day
Soft forms of rice cakes have been popular in Japan for hundreds of years.

National Chocolates Day
Per Foodimentary.com
Chocolate comes from the Aztec word “xocolatl” which means “bitter water”.

In 1777, San Jose, California, was founded as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe. It was the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California.

Louisa May Alcott, born November 28, 2832Birthday of Louisa May Alcott (November 28, 1832), author of “Little Women” and many more. Raised in New England by her transcendentalist parents, Abigail May and Amos Bronson Alcott, she grew up among many of the well-known intellectuals of the day, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

The Sand Creek Massacre occurred in Colorado on November 29, 1864, when a militia led by Colonel John Chivington, killed at least 400 peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians who had surrendered and had been given permission to camp.

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison demonstrated his phonograph for the first time in 1877.

C S Lewis, born November 29, 1898Birthday of C.S.(Clive Staples) Lewis (November 29, 1898), a British writer and lay theologian. He held academic positions in English literature at both Oxford University and Cambridge University. He is best known for his works of fiction, especially The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Space Trilogy, and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics, such as Mere Christianity, Miracles, and The Problem of Pain

U.N. General Assembly partitioned Palestine between Arabs and Jews in 1947.

Kukla_fran_ollie November 29, 1948“Kukla, Fran, and Ollie” debuted on NBC in 1948.

President Dwight David Eisenhower, born October 14, 1890, died March 28, 1969 President-elect Eisenhower visited Korea to assess war in 1952, fulfilling a campaign promise.

President Lyndon Baines Johnson, born August 27, 1908, died January 22, 1973 President Lyndon Baines Johnson set up Warren Commission in 1963 to investigate assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Roman Catholic Church in U.S. replaced Latin with English in 1964.

Atari announced the release of Pong, the first commercially successful video game in 1972.

1975 – Bill Gates adopted the name Microsoft for the company he and Paul Allen had formed to write the BASIC computer language for the Altair.

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Tidbits of History, November 28

November 28 is:

Happy Thanksgiving Day!
See our page at Thanksgiving for tidbits of history about Thanksgiving!

National French Toast Day
French toast was not invented in France. In fact, French toast was around long before France even existed as a country.
The earliest reference to French toast dates all the way back to 4th century Rome.The name for French toast in France is “pain perdu”, which means “lost bread.”

Ferdinand MagellanNovember 28, 1520 – The first navigation of the Magellan Strait, to the south of mainland South America, was completed by Ferdinand Magellan and his crew.

William BlakeBirthday of William Blake, (November 28, 1757), English poet, painter and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age.

Second Continental Congress formally established U.S. Navy in 1775.

author of Federalist PaperPublication of Federalist Paper #13: Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government written by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton looks at the cost of supporting several confederacies vs the economy of supporting one federal government. He speculates that, if the states should form their own unions, there would be two – North and South based on geographical and commercial considerations. Each would have to support its own defense and bureaucracy.

Olympia formed as capital of Washington Territory in 1853.

1861 – Confederate Congress officially admitted Missouri to Confederacy

1925 – The Grand Ole Opry began broadcasting in Nashville, Tennessee, as the WSM Barn Dance.

1942 Fire destroyed the Coconut Grove nightclub in Boston, killing nearly 500 people.

Tehran Conference1943 – World War II: Tehran Conference – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin met in Tehran, Iran, to discuss war strategy.

“Hopalong Cassidy” premiered on TV in 1948.

Red Planet Day to commemorate the first launch in 1964 of Mariner 4, the first spacecraft to obtain and transmit close range images of Mars.

1972 – Last executions in Paris: Claude Buffet and Roger Bontems are guillotined at La Santé Prison. The chief executioner was André Obrecht. Buffet was already serving a life sentence in prison. During a prison riot, Buffet and Bontems slit the throats of two hostages. (Bontems had been found innocent of murder, but as Buffet’s accomplice was condemned to death anyway).

William PennHannah PennOver 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn were made Honorary Citizens of the United States on November 28, 1984.

Tidbits of History, November 27

November 27 is:

Pins and Needles Day According to Days of the Year.com the original Pins and Needles Day started up in 1937 to commemorate the opening of the pro-Labor musical play of the same name on Broadway. The cast of the original production was made up of sewing machine workers, cutters and basters who simply wanted to do something a little creative in their free time.

National Bavarian Cream Pie Day
Before the advent of refrigeration, Bavarian cream represented a culinary triumph. In order to set the dish, the Bavarian cream would have had to be chilled in an ice-filled bowl.

author of Federalist PaperPublication of Federalist Paper #12: The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue written by Alexander Hamilton. In this article Hamilton discusses the issues of taxation. At that time the only taxes collected were on imports and excise taxes on manufactured products. Personal property or income were not yet taxed.

1826 – John Walker invents the first friction match in England.  He sold about 164 boxes of 50 matches which included a piece of sandpaper.  Because of the danger of fire, the matches were banned in France and Germany.

1835 – James Pratt and John Smith were hanged in London.  They were the last two to be executed for sodomy in England. The magistrate, Hensleigh Wedgwood, who had committed the three men to trial, subsequently wrote to the Home Secretary, Lord John Russel, arguing for the commutation of the death sentences, stating:

“It is the only crime where there is no injury done to any individual and in consequence it requires a very small expense to commit it in so private a manner and to take such precautions as shall render conviction impossible. It is also the only capital crime that is committed by rich men but owing to the circumstances I have mentioned they are never convicted.”

Wedgwood described the men as “degraded creatures” in another letter. Nevertheless, he argued that the law was unfair in their case in that wealthy men who wished to have sex could afford a private space in which to do it with little chance of discovery. Pratt and Smith were only condemned because they could only afford to use a room in a lodging house, in which they were easily spied upon.

New York Times dubs baseball “The National Game” in 1870.

Alfred Nobel1895 – Alfred Nobel’s will established the Nobel Prizes

NY’s Penn Station opened as world’s largest railway terminal in 1910.

Thanksgiving paradeIn New York City, the first Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade was held in 1924.

Baby Face Nelson died November 27, 1934Bank robber Baby Face Nelson (Lester Joseph Gillis) died in a shoot-out with the FBI in 1934. Nelson was responsible for killing more FBI agents than any other person. He was a member of the gang of John Dillinger. His death is called The Battle of Barrington. In the shoot-out, Nelson was shot nine times. Two FBI agents were killed.

Jannetje Johanna Schaft was a Dutch communist resistance fighter during World War II. She became known as “the girl with the red hair”. Her secret name in the resistance movement was Hannie. She was killed on April 17, 1945. After the war, on November 27, 1945, she was reburied at the honorary cemetery at the dunes in Overveen, a ceremony attended by Princess Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernard, of the Netherlands.

Tidbits of History, November 26

November 26 is:

National Cake Day

Captain James CookIn the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook became the first European to visit Maui in 1778. He was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

First streetcar railway in America starts operating (NYC) (12 cent fare) in 1832.

West Virginia was created in 1861 as a result of dispute over slavery with Virginia.  ‎West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada).

“Alice in Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll was published in 1865.

TutankhamunThe tomb of Tutankhamun was entered on November 26, 1922. Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.

Peanuts gangBirthday of Charles Schulz (November 26, 1922), American cartoonist and creator of the “Peanuts” comic strip.
100 of his thought provoking quotes can be found here.

Charlie Brown Thanksgiving A classic Thanksgiving tradition!

“Casablanca,” starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, had its world premiere at the Hollywood Theater in New York on this date in 1942.

President George Walker Bush, born July 6, 1946Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris certified Republican George W. Bush the winner over Democrat Al Gore in the state’s 2000 presidential balloting by 537 votes.

Tidbits of History, November 25

November 25 is:

National “Eat with a Friend” Day

National Parfait Day
Per /Foodimentary.com
Parfait is a French word that means perfect.
It is often served in a tall, clear glass and topping creation with whipped cream and fruit.
The oldest recipe with the name parfait comes from a French cookbook dated 1869. It was a frozen coffee-flavoured French ice dessert constructed in parfait-shaped (tall and thin) ice cream moulds.
French style parfait is served on decorated plates instead of tall, thin glassware.
The unique texture of parfait is because the fat, sugar, and air interfere with the formation of water crystals, which would otherwise cause an oily texture in your mouth.

1758 – French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. Later, Fort Pitt will be built nearby and grow into modern Pittsburgh.

Delmonico’s, one of NY’s finest restaurants, provides a meal of soup, steak, coffee & half a pie for 12 cents in 1834.

Andrew CarnegieBirthday of Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835). He led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history. He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British Empire.

Carrie Nation born November 25, 1846Birthday of Carrie Nation (November 25, 1846), American temperance leader who used a hatchet to implement her campaign against saloons.

woody introduced November 25, 1940Woody Woodpecker debuts with release of Walter Lantz’s “Knock Knock” in 1940.

1947 Movie studio executives agreed to blacklist the Hollywood 10, who were jailed a day earlier for contempt of Congress for failing to cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee.

On Nov. 25, 1963, the funeral  of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery.

1979 – Pat Summerall and John Madden broadcast a game together for the first time, a pairing that would last 22 years and become one of the most well-known partnerships in TV sportscasting history.

Six-year-old Cuban refugee Elian Gonzalez was rescued by a pair of sport fishermen off the coast of Florida in 1999.

President George Walker Bush, born July 6, 1946 President George W. Bush signed legislation creating the Department of Homeland Security in 2002. Its stated missions involve anti-terrorism, border security, immigration and customs, cyber security, and disaster prevention and management. As of 2018 DHS employs 240,000 people and has a budget of $51.672 billion.

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Tidbits of History, November 24

November 24 is:

National Espresso Day
National Sardines Day
Sardines are the most plentiful, edible fish in the world.
Sardines, also referred to as pilchards, are a group of small, oily fish that were once found in great abundance around the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. The sardine is a member of the Clupeidae family, which also includes herring, and there are at least 18 different species classified as sardines or pilchards.

Taylor born November 24, Zachary Taylor, the 12th president of the United States, was born in Orange County, Va. on November 24, 1784. Taylor was President from 1849-1850. He officiated at the laying of the cornerstone of the Washington Monument on July 4, 1850, and became ill from the heat. He died five days later, possibly from dysentery. Points of interest about Taylor include:

  • Taylor refused all postage due correspondences. Because of this, he didn’t receive notification of his nomination for president until several days later.
  • November 7, 1848 was the first time a presidential election was held on the same day in every state.
  • Visitors to the White House would take souvenir horse hairs from Whitey, Taylor’s old Army horse that he kept on the White House lawn.
  • Taylor was the first president who had not previously held public office.
  • Taylor was the last southerner elected President until Lyndon Johnson, 116 years later.

Taylor was succeeded by Millard Fillmore.

In 1835 – The Texas Provincial Government authorized the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers (which is now the Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety).

Charles DarwinOn November 24, 1859 – Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, the anniversary of which is sometimes called “Evolution Day”. He was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science.

Scott Joplin, born November 24, 1868Birthday of Scott Joplin (November 24, 1868), an American composer and pianist. Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the King of Ragtime. During his brief career, he wrote over 100 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas.

Dale CarnegieBirthday of Dale Carnegie, (November 24, 1888), an American writer and lecturer, and the developer of courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. Born into poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People, a bestseller that remains popular today.

From Today in Science:
In 1903, the first U.S. patent for an automobile electric self-starter was issued to Clyde J. Coleman of New York City (No. 745,157). He invented the self-starter in 1899, but the invention was impractical. The license was purchased by the Delco Company, which was taken over by the General Motors Corporation. Charles Kettering at General Motors perfected the self-starter, which was first installed on Cadillac cars in 1911. This was a response to the death of a friend, who had died from injuries suffered when a car hand-crank recoiled against him. Having eliminated the dangerous job of cranking the engine, it put women behind the wheel in greater numbers.

1954 – Air Force One, first US Presidential airplane, was christened.

Lee Harvey OswaldNovember 24, 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald, presumed assassin of President John F Kennedy, was shot and killed by Jack Ruby.

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Tidbits of History, November 23

November 23 is:

National Cashew Day

National Espresso Day!

Annapolis, Maryland, became US capital in November, 1783. (until June 1784). This city served as the seat of the Confederation Congress (former Second Continental Congress) and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783–1784. At that time, General George Washington came before the body convened in the new Maryland State House and resigned his commission as commander of the Continental Army. A month later, the Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War, with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States. The city and state capitol was also the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention, which issued a call to the states to send delegates for the Constitutional Convention to be held the following year in Philadelphia. The United States Naval Academy, established 1845, is adjacent to the city limits.

author of Federalist PaperPublication of Federalist Paper #9: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection written by Alexander Hamilton. Critics of the Constitution say the proposed Confederation is too large, too diverse, to survive. Hamilton argues republican government with the distribution of power into distinct departments, the introduction of legislative checks and balances, the institution of courts composed of judges, and the representation of the people in the legislature allow that “the excellencies of republican government may be retained and its imperfections lessened or avoided”.

author of Federalist PaperPublication of Federalist Paper #11: The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy written by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton discusses the importance of a Union to trade and commerce. It is beneficial to the United States as one country to set regulations that are uniform throughout the country when it comes to trading rights with foreign countries. In order to enforce those regulations, a federal navy is needed. A navy would also protect trade between the states. And a navy would provide protection along the Atlantic seaboard. He says: “The rights of neutrality will only be respected when they are defended by an adequate power. A nation, despicable by its weakness, forfeits even the privilege of being neutral.”

Franklin Pierce, born November 23, 1804Birthday of Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804), fourteenth president of the United States.

U. S. President from March 4, 1853 to  March 4, 1857

While President-elect, Pierce had been traveling from Boston to Concord by train with his wife and son, Benjamin. Suddenly the railroad car toppled off the tracks. Pierce and his wife were only slightly injured but Benjamin was nearly decapitated and died. Jane Pierce did not attend the Inaugural or take any part in White House social affairs for two years.
From Internet Public Library.org
Points of Interest:

  • Pierce was arrested while in office for running over an old woman with his horse, but his case was dropped due to insufficient evidence.
  • He defeated his old commanding officer from the Mexican War, Winfield Scott, when he was elected president.
  • Pierce was wounded during the Mexican War.
  • One of the Democratic party’s slogans during Pierce’s campaign for president was: “We Polked you in 1844; we shall Pierce you in 1852.”
  • Because of religious considerations Pierce affirmed rather than swore the Presidential oath of office.
  • Pierce gave his 3,319-word inaugural address from memory, without the aid of notes.
  • Pierce was the only President to have no turnover in his cabinet.
  • Pierce was the only elected President who sought but did not win his party’s nomination for a second term.
  • During his second year at Bowdoin College in Maine, Pierce had the lowest grades  in his class. He changed his study habits, and graduated third in his class. Among his class mates were Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
  • Franklin Pierce was the first President to have a Christmas tree in the White House.
  • He installed the first central-heating system and the first bathroom with hot and cold water in the White House.
  • Pierce was an avid fisherman.
  • Pierce died of cirrhosis of the liver as a result of years of heavy drinking.
  • Barbara Pierce Bush, wife of George H. W. Bush and mother of George W. Bush was a fourth cousin of Franklin Pierce.

November 23, 1889 – The first jukebox went into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.

Life magazine was reborn as a photo magazine in 1936 and enjoyed instant success. It had been published as a weekly humor magazine during the Great Depression.

In 1964, Dr. Michael E. DeBakey of Houston performed the first successful coronary artery bypass graft procedure.

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Tidbits of History, November 22

November 22 is the 327th day of the year

National Cranberry Relish Day
A barrel of cranberries weighs 100 pounds. Give or take a few, there are about 450 cranberries in a pound and 4,400 cranberries in one gallon of juice.

1542 – Spain delegates “New Laws” against slavery in America. From Wikipedia:

The New Laws consisted of many regulations on the encomienda system, (in which the stronger people protected the weakest in exchange for a service) including its solemn prohibition of the enslavement of the Indians and provisions for the gradual abolition of the encomienda system. The New Laws stated that the natives would be considered free persons, and the encomenderos could no longer demand their labor. The natives were only required to pay the encomenderos tribute, and, if they worked, they would be paid wages in exchange for their labor. The laws also prohibited the sending of indigenous people to work in the mines unless it was absolutely necessary, and required that they be taxed fairly and treated well. It ordered public officials or clergy with encomienda grants to return them immediately to the Crown, and stated that encomienda grants would not be hereditarily passed on, but would be canceled at the death of the individual encomenderos.

In 1718 – Off the coast of North Carolina, British pirate Edward Teach (best known as “Blackbeard”) was killed in battle with a boarding party led by Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard.

Abigail AdamsFormer First Lady Abigail Smith Adams was born on November 22, 1744. She was the wife of John Adams and the mother of John Quincy Adams.

President James Madison, born March 16, 1751Publication of Federalist Paper #10: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection written by James Madison. “Federalist No. 10 is among the most highly regarded of all American political writings.” Madison discusses the nature of man as a factor in forming a government, ie, balancing the rights of the individual with the rights of a community inevitably leads to factions which he describes as “a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed (antagonistic) to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.” He says “the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property.”

George Elliot, born November 22, 1819Birthday of George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (November 22, 1819). English novelist famous for “Silas Marner”, “Mill on the Floss” and others.

“Bolero” by Maurice Ravel debuted in Paris in 1928. Revel never dreamed that one day Torvill & Dean would use his music at the 1984 Olympics for the best ice-dancing routine ever!

Santa“Santa Claus Is Comin’ to Town” was first heard on Eddie Cantor’s show on November 22, 1934. It became an instant hit with orders for 500,000 copies of sheet music and more than 30,000 records sold within 24 hours.

You better watch out
You better not cry
Better not pout
I’m telling you why
Santa Claus is coming to town

He’s making a list
And checking it twice;
Gonna find out Who’s naughty and nice
Santa Claus is coming to town

He sees you when you’re sleeping
He knows when you’re awake
He knows when you’ve been bad or good
So be good for goodness sake

Kennedy assassinated 19631963 – Death of John F. Kennedy,thirty-fifth President of the United States. He was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald. Kennedy was 46 years old. Texas Governor John Connally was seriously wounded. Lyndon B. Johnson became the 36th President of the United States. See Wikipedia re assassination. It was one of those events (like the attacks of 9-11) that those who were alive at the time can sharply remember.

1995 – Toy Story was released as the first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery.

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Tidbits of History, November 21

November 21 is:

National Adoption Day

World Television Day

164 BC – Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, restored the Temple in Jerusalem. This event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah.

Voltaire bd November 21, 1694Birthday of Jean Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire), (November 21, 1694) French Enlightenment author, historian and philosopher. Author of “Candide”. Known for his wit and attacks on the established Church. He was a key figure in the European intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment.

North CarolinaNorth Carolina became the twelfth state in 1789:

  • Capital: Raleigh
  • Nickname: Tar Heel State
  • Bird: Cardinal
  • Flower: Flowering dogwood
  • Tree:Pine
  • Motto: To be rather than to seem

The State of North Carolina has 42 official state emblems including the state insect (European honey bee), gemstone (emerald), beverage (milk), dog (Plott hound) , vegetable (sweet potato), fruit (Scuppernong grape), folk dance (clogging), and sport (Nascar).
See our page North Carolina for more interesting facts and trivia about North Carolina.

Rebecca FeltonIn 1922, Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia took the oath of office, becoming the first female United States Senator.

Florence HardingFormer First Lady Florence Harding died of renal failure on November 21, 1924, at Marion, Ohio, U.S., wife of President Warren G. Harding.

November 21, Tweety Bird1942 – Tweety Bird, aka Tweety Pie, debuted in “Tale of Two Kitties”

On Nov. 21, 1995, the Presidents of three rival Balkan states (Yugoslavia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia) agreed to make peace in Bosnia, (the Dayton Agreement) ending nearly four years of terror and ethnic bloodletting that left a quarter of a million people dead in the worst war in Europe since World War II.

Tidbits of History, November 20

November 20 is:

National Peanut Butter Fudge Day
The exact origin of fudge is disputed, but most stories claim that it resulted from a bungled (“fudged”) batch of caramels made on February 14, 1886—hence the name “fudge.”

author of Federalist Paper#8Publication of Federalist Paper #8: The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States written by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton discusses the necessity of a standing army. If the states are not united, stronger states could over-run smaller states; states would need to raise their own military. Hamilton then compares the U.S. to Great Britain which does not require a standing army because it is an island country with a strong navy. The U.S. is similar in that it is isolated from European attacks and state militias would be adequate until a national army could be assembled.

New Jersey became the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights in 1789. The Constitution had taken effect on June 21, 1788.

From Today in Science
In 1866, the first U.S. patent for a yoyo was issued to James L. Haven and Charles Hittrick of Cincinnati, Ohio. Although termed a “Whirligig” or a “Bandalore” in the patent title, it had the familiar construction of a yoyo with two disks “coupled together at their centers by means of a clutch.” It was also the first time rim-weighting to maintain momentum was mentioned in a patent. “It will be observed that the marginal swell … exercises the function of a flywheel.” This patent is important since it shows the first use of patents to protect design improvements in the manufacture of a yoyo. Messrs. Haven and Hettrick were in the business of mass-producing yoyos over a half century before the better known Flores brand.

Robert Byrd, born November 20, 1917Robert C. Byrd, the longest-serving senator in U.S. history, was born (November 20, 1917) Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr. in North Wilkesboro, N.C. His parents were Cornelius Calvin Sale Sr. and Ada Mae Kirdy. When he was ten months old, his mother died in the 1918 Flu Pandemic. In accordance with his mother’s wishes, his father dispersed their children among relatives. Calvin Jr. was adopted by his aunt and uncle, Titus and Vlurma Byrd, who changed his name to Robert Carlyle Byrd and raised him in the coal-mining region of southern West Virginia. Byrd served as a U.S. Representative from 1953 until 1959. He served as a United States Senator from West Virginia for over 51 years, from 1959 until his death in 2010. In the 1940s, Byrd organized and led a local Klan chapter as its Exalted Cyclops, but he wasn’t a Grand Wizard as his often reported.

Robert KennedyBirthday of Robert F Kennedy (November 20, 1925), U.S. Attorney General and Senator from New York. Brother of President John F. Kennedy. He was a Democratic candidate for president in 1968 when he was assassinated.

Joe BidenBirthday of PresidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr, November 20, 1942, Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Microsoft Windows 1.0 was released in 1985.