Tidbits of History, November 3

November 3 is:

National Sandwich Day

Housewife’s Day Anybody remember June Cleaver, Lucy Ricardo, Olivia Walton, or Harriet Nelson?

John Jay, author of Federalist Paper #Publication of Federalist Paper #3, written by John Jay on November 3, 1787 and titled “Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence”. Jay continues to argue the benefits of a unified country using Safety as his cause, that a strong national government could better preserve peace and deter aggression for foreign countries.

As to those just causes of war which proceed from direct and unlawful violence, it appears equally clear to me that one good national government affords vastly more security against dangers of that sort than can be derived from any other quarter.

Stephen F Austin, born November 3, 1793Birthday of Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793), American pioneer and colonizer of Texas, known as the “Father of Texas”

William Cullen Bryant, born November 3, 1794Birthday of William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794), American poet and newspaper editor of the New York Evening Post. His poetry has been described as being “of a thoughtful, meditative character, and makes but slight appeal to the mass of readers. Here’s the second verse of The Death of the Flowers:

Where are the flowers, the fair young flowers, that lately sprang and stood
In brighter light and softer airs, a beauteous sisterhood?
Alas! they all are in their graves, the gentle race of flowers
Are lying in their lowly beds, with the fair and good of ours.
The rain is falling where they lie, but the cold November rain
Calls not from out the gloomy earth the lovely ones again.

US Supreme Court decided Native Americans can’t be Americans in 1883.

The Chevrolet Motor Car Co was founded in Detroit by Louis Chevrolet and William C. Durant in 1911.

From Today in Science
In 1952, Clarence Birdseye marketed the first frozen peas in Chester, N.Y. While a U.S. field naturalist near the Arctic, he had learned the technique of flash freezing from Labrador Inuit. Freshly caught fish, when placed onto the Arctic ice in the frigid wind, froze solid almost immediately. In Sep 1922, he began a company, Birdseye Seafoods, Inc., to process chilled fish fillets at a plant near the Fulton Fish Market in New York City. On 3 Jul 1924, he organized the General Seafood Corporation, which began the frozen foods industry. Retail frozen foods began 6 Mar 1930, in Springfield, Massachusetts at the “Springfield Experiment Test Market” which offered 26 different vegetables, fruits, fish, and meats.

Laika, Nov 3, 1957The Soviet Union sent the dog Laika into space in 1957. She does not survive.

Tidbits of History, November 2

Quote

November 2 is:

All Soul’s Day, a religious day of remembrance of all the souls of the faithful departed.

Day of the Dead, The second day of Day of the Dead or El Dia de los Muertos celebration. (Mexico)

Plan Your Epitaph Day as one way to celebrate the “Day of the Dead”, a Mexican holiday to commemorate All Soul’s Day.

National Deviled Egg Day Eggs prepared this way started with the Ancient Romans but weren’t called “deviled” until the eighteenth century.

According to Corey Williams, December 13, 2019; Yahoo Lifestyle:
Though they weren’t prepared the same way they are now, eggs that had been boiled and seasoned were a popular appetizer among the elite members of Roman society. The dish was so common that it inspired the phrase “ab ova usque ad mala, which literally means “from eggs to apples, or from the beginning of a meal to the end.
To “devi”l means to “combine a food with various hot or spicy seasonings such as red pepper, mustard, or Tabasco sauce, thereby creating a ‘deviled’ dish,” according to the Food Lover’s Companion, the definitive guide to all things food and cooking.

Jean-Baptiste-SimeonChardin, born November 2, 1699Birthday of Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, (November 2, 1699), was an 18th-century French painter. He is considered a master of still life, and is also noted for his genre paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities. Carefully balanced composition, soft diffusion of light, and granular impasto characterize his work. Influenced Manet and Cézanne. Examples of his work can be found at Wikiart.

Daniel Boone, born November 2, 1734Birthday of Daniel Boone (November 2, 1734), American pioneer, explorer, frontiersman. Mentalfloss.com has an interesting article “14 facts about Daniel Boone”. Worth a look.

James K. Polk, born Nov 2, 1795 ,184614Birthday of James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795), eleventh president of the United States. Polk was more interested in issues than people. He did everything himself rather than rely on others. He customarily rose at daybreak and worked until midnight. He said:

“No president who performs his duties faithfully and conscientiously can have any leisure.”

Harding, died August 2nd, born November 2Birthday of Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865), twenty-ninth President of the United States. While president, Harding played golf, poker twice a week, followed baseball and boxing, and sneaked off to burlesque shows. His advisors were known as the “Poker Cabinet” because they all played poker together.

North DakotaNorth Dakota Admission Day in 1889 thirty-ninth state

  • Capital: Bismarck
  • Nickname: Peace Garden State/Flickertail State/Sioux State
  • Bird: Meadowlark
  • Flower: Prairie Rose
  • Tree: American Elm
  • Motto: Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable

See our page for North Dakota for more interesting facts and trivia about North Dakota.

South Dakota BadlandsSouth Dakota Admission Day in 1889, fortieth state.
President Harrison directed Secretary of State to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first. No one really knows which state was admitted first but most historians just list the Dakota’s alphabetically so North becomes the 39th state and South the 40th.

  • Capital: Pierre
  • Nickname: Mount Rushmore State/Coyote State/Sunshine State
  • Bird: Ring-necked pheasant
  • Flower: Pasqueflower
  • Tree: Black Hills spruce
  • Motto: Under God the people rule

See our page for South Dakota for more interesting facts and trivia about South Dakota.

1947 Howard Hughes piloted his huge wooden airplane, the Spruce Goose, on its only flight, which lasted about a minute over Long Beach Harbor in California.

The Cuban Adjustment Act entered force in 1966, allowing 123,000 Cubans the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.

From Toay in Science
In 1988, a computer “worm” unleashed by a Cornell University graduate student, Robert T. Morris, began replicating wildly, clogging thousands of computers around the country. Intended as an experimental, self-replicating, self-propagating program, Morris soon discovered that the program was infecting machines at a much faster rate than he had anticipated. Computers were affected at many universities, military sites, and medical research facilities. When Morris realized what was happening he sent an anonymous message, instructing programmers how to kill the worm and prevent reinfection. However, because the network route was clogged, this message did not get through until it was too late. Morris, was later tried, fined and given probation.

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Tidbits of History, November 1

November 1 is:

National Bison Day

All Saint’s Day, also known as All Hallows’ Day,

October 31 to November 2 – Day of the Dead (Mexico)
By the late 20th century in most regions of Mexico, practices had developed to honor dead children and infants on November 1, and to honor deceased adults on November 2. November 1 is generally referred to as Día de los Inocentes (“Day of the Innocents”) but also as Día de los Angelitos (“Day of the Little Angels”); November 2 is referred to as Día de los Muertos or Día de los Difuntos (“Day of the Dead”).

October 31/November 1 – Samhain, Celtic and Pagan celebration marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter or the “darker half” of the year.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, went on display in 1512. A virtual tour of the Sistine Chapel is available.

Ferdinand MagellanThe Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, was first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage of 1520.

1604 William Shakespeare’s tragedy “Othello” was first performed, at Whitehall Palace in London. The four central characters are Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his beloved wife, Desdemona; his loyal lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted but unfaithful ensign, Iago. Its themes include racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge and repentance.

On this date in 1765, the British Parliament enacted the Stamp Act on the 13 colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.

Edmund Burke published Reflections on the Revolution in France, in 1790 in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.

Birthday of Stephen Crane (November 1, 1871), American author famous for “The Red Badge of Courage”

1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appeared in National Geographic magazine for the first time.

Nov 1, 1941American photographer Ansel Adams took a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico on November 1, 1941. It would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.

Mamie EisenhowerFormer First Lady, Mamie Eisenhower, wife of President Dwight Eisenhower, died on this day in 1979.

Honda became the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of their factory in 1982 at Marysville, Ohio. The Honda Accord was the first car produced there.

November 1, 1993 – The European Union was officially created.

Tidbits of History, October 31

October 31 is:

Halloween November 1 is celebrated as “All Saints’ Day”. Thus, the day prior (October 31st) is All Hallow’s Eve, “hallow” referring to saints. According to Wikipedia, “The traditional focus of All Hallows’ Eve revolves around the theme of using ‘humor and ridicule to confront the power of death.'”

Carve a Pumpkin Day – no surprise here

National Caramel Apple Day

Candy Apples were first introduced in Arabian cuisine. The reason was that fruit was candied to preserve it.
Soldiers in World War I slanged them “toffee apples.” Candy Apples are popular all over the world.
Everything from a Kool-Aid flavor to a nail-polish shade has been named candy apple red.

Martin LutherOctober 31, 1517 – Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther is believed to have nailed his 95 theses to Wittenberg Castle Church in Germany on this date.

John Jay, author of Federalist Paper # Federalist Paper #2 was published on this date in 1787. John Jay authored the article which is entitled “Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence”. He continues the arguments Hamilton made in Paper #1 about the necessity of America remaining one nation. This was one of the main concerns of the authors of the Constitution – that the new nation would break apart into regional sections. Jay said:

This country and this people seem to have been made for each other, and it appears as if it was the design of Providence that an inheritance so proper and convenient for a band of brethren, united to each other by the strongest of ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties.

To all general purposes we have uniformly been one people each individual citizen everywhere enjoying the same national rights, privileges, and protection. As a nation we have made peace and war; as a nation we have vanquished our common enemies; as a nation we have formed alliances, and made treaties, and entered into various compacts and conventions with foreign states.

John KeatsBirthday of John Keats (October 31, 1795), English Romantic poet trained as a surgeon. John Keats was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his works having been in publication for only four years before his death from tuberculosis at the age of 25.

Lake Mead National Recreation AreaNevada Admission Day, 1864 as the thirty-sixth state

  • Capital: Carson City
  • Nickname: Silver State/Sagebrush State/Battle born state
  • Bird: Mountain bluebird
  • Flower: Sagebrush
  • Tree:Single leaf pinon
  • Motto: All for our country

See our page for interesting facts and trivia about Nevada.

Harry HoudiniNational Magic Day, honoring the skills of magicians and commemorating the death of the great Harry Houdini in 1926.

Mount Rushmore1941 After nearly 15 years of work, the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota was completed; the colossal sculpture features the heads of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.

1984 – Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, was shot dead by two Sikh security guards. Riots against the Sikh population started soon after.

From Today in Science
In 1992, the Vatican admitted erring for over 359 years in formally condemning Galileo Galilei for entertaining scientific truths such as the Earth revolves around the sun it, which the Roman Catholic Church long denounced as anti-scriptural heresy. After 13 years of inquiry, the Pope’s commission of historic, scientific and theological scholars brought the pope a “not guilty” finding for Galileo. Pope John Paul II himself met with the Pontifical Academy of Sciences to help correct the record. In 1633, at age 69, Galileo was forced by the Roman Inquisition to repent and spent the last eight years of his life under house arrest. Galileo was a 17th century Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist remembered as one of history’s greatest scientists.

The population of the world is said to have officially reached seven billion on this date in 2011.

Tidbits of History, October 30

October 30 is:

Candy Corn Day, October 30National Candy Corn Day
Foodimentary.com

Did you know candy corn started as a gimmick to prove the goodness of corn sugar?
One serving of candy corn contains only about 140 calories.
Candy corn has 3.57 calories per kernel.
More than 35 million pounds of candy corn will be produced this year. That equates to nearly 9 billion pieces — enough to circle the moon nearly four times if laid end-to-end.
Halloween accounts for 75% of the annual candy corn production.
A cup of candy corn has fewer calories than a cup of raisins.

Mischief Night
also known as Devil’s Night, Gate Night, Goosey Night, Moving Night, Cabbage Night and Mat Night.

Ballet of Chestnuts – a banquet held by Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia, in the Papal Palace in 1501 where fifty prostitutes or courtesans were in attendance for the entertainment of the guests. After the courtesans’ clothes were auctioned off, chestnuts were strewn all over the floor, and the guests were invited to observe as the naked courtesans gathered them up. According to contemporary reports, the onlookers did not remain onlookers for long, making full use of the courtesans provided. Pope Alexander and his family were among the spectators, and there were reports of prizes being awarded for displays of exceptional virility.

John Adams, October 30, 1735Birthday of John Adams (October 30, 1735), second President of the United States. On his second night in the White House, John Adams wrote, “I pray Heaven to bestow the best Blessings on this house and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but honest and wise Men ever rule beneath this roof.” Franklin Roosevelt arranged for those words to be inscribed on a mantel in the State Dining Room of the White House.

Helena, Montana was founded in 1864 after four prospectors discovered gold at “Last Chance Gulch”

Orson Wells broadcast of October 30, 1938In 1938 – Orson Welles broadcast his radio play of H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds, causing anxiety in some of the audience in the United States.

Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers October 30, 1945Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs signed a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1945, breaking the baseball color barrier.

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Tidbits of History, October 29

October 29 is:

Hermit Day recognizes the hermit in all of us. A hermit is a person who lives, to some degree, in seclusion from society. No matter how social a person is, everyone needs to take a break from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

National Oatmeal Day
Quaker Oats, Oatmeal day October 29The portrait of the Quaker man on the Quaker® Oats package has been updated just three times since its creation in 1877, once in 1946, again in 1957 and, most recently, in 1972.

Sir Walter Raleigh, died October 29, 1618Anniversary of the death of Sir Walter Raleigh (October 29, 1618), English military and naval commander of expeditions to North America. He led two expeditions in search of El Dorado or “City of Gold” in South America. The men under his command ransacked a Spanish outpost. Upon his return to England, to appease the Spanish, Raleigh was arrested and executed.

October 29, 1929 – The Wall Street crash occurred, starting the Great Depression.

  • On September 7, 1929, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at $377.56.
  • On October 24, “Black Thursday”, the market lost 11 percent of its value at the opening bell on very heavy trading. A record 12,894,650 shares were traded.
  • On October 28, “Black Monday,” more investors facing margin calls decided to get out of the market, and the slide continued with a record loss in the Dow for the day of 38.33 points, or 12.82%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at $260.64.
  • The next day, October 29, the panic selling reached its peak with some stocks having no buyers at any price. The Dow lost an additional 30.57 points, or 11.73%, for a total drop of 23% in two days. 16,410,030 shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at $230.07.
  • After a one-day recovery on October 30, when the Dow regained 28.40 points, or 12.34%, to close at 258.47, the market continued to fall, arriving at an interim bottom on November 13, 1929, with the Dow closing at 198.60.
  • The market then recovered for several months, starting on November 14, with the Dow gaining 18.59 points to close at 217.28, and reaching a secondary closing peak (bear market rally) of 294.07 on April 17, 1930.
  • The Dow then embarked on another, much longer, steady slide from April 1930 to July 8, 1932, when it closed at 41.22, its lowest level of the 20th century, concluding an 89.2% loss for the index in less than three years.
  • Beginning on March 15, 1933, and continuing through the rest of the 1930s, the Dow began to slowly regain the ground it had lost. The largest percentage increases of the Dow Jones occurred during the early and mid-1930s. In late 1937, there was a sharp dip in the stock market, but prices held well above the 1932 lows. The Dow Jones did not return to the peak closing of September 3, 1929, until November 23, 1954.

From Today in Science
In 1945, the first ball point pen in the U.S. went on sale at Gimbels Department Stores for $12.95. In June, 1945, Chicago businessman Milton Reynolds, in Buenos Aires on unrelated business, saw the Biro pen in a store, recognized the pen’s sales potential and bought a few as samples. Reynolds returned to America and started manufacturing. He copied the product in four months, (ignoring the patent rights of the Argentine manufacturer, Eversharp Company. On the first day of sale, his Reynolds’ Rocket pen was immediately successful; $100,000 worth are sold its first day on the market). The ballpoint pen became a fad. However, it leaked, skipped and was unreliable. By 1948, the price dropped to less than 50 cents. Reynolds’ company failed in 1951.

Tidbits of History, October 28

October 28 is:

Plush Animal Lover’s Day

National Chocolate Day
Foodimentary.com says:

Switzerland is one of the top countries for chocolate consumption. The Swiss consume about 22 lbs of chocolate, per person, per year.
Allowing chocolate to melt in your mouth produces the same or even stronger reactions as passionately kissing.
Cocoa beans were used as currency by the Mayan and Aztec cultures.

John Locke1704 Death of John Locke, an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the “Father of Liberalism”. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, Locke is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American Revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. Internationally, Locke’s political-legal principles continue to have a profound influence on the theory and practice of limited representative government and the protection of basic rights and freedoms under the rule of law.

Abigail Adams Former First Lady, Abigail Adams died of typhoid fever on this day in 1818; wife of John Adams, mother of John Quincy Adams.

dedicated Oct 28, 1886Statue of Liberty Dedication Day, (1886). Originally known as Liberty Enlightening the World, it was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States. The statue’s completion was marked by New York’s first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland. It was designed by French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Its framework of gigantic steel supports was designed by Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc and Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, the latter famous for designing the Eiffel Tower.

The U.S. Congress passed the Volstead Act of 1919 over President Woodrow Wilson’s veto, paving the way for Prohibition (18th Amendment) to begin the following January17th.

Bill Gates1955: American computer programmer and entrepreneur Bill Gates—who cofounded Microsoft, the world’s largest personal-computer software company—was born.

Completed Oct 28, 1965From Today in Science
On October 28, 1965, the Gateway Arch (630′ (190m) high) was completed in St. Louis, Missouri. This graceful sweeping tapered curve of stainless steel is the tallest memorial in the U.S. The architect of the catenary curve arch was Eero Saarinen who won the design competition in 1947. It was constructed 1961-66 in the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park, established on the banks of the Mississippi River, on 21 Dec 1935, to commemorate the westward growth of the United States between 1803 and 1890. Cost for the $30 million national monument was shared by the federal government and the City of St. Louis. The memorial arch has an observation room at the top for visitors reached by trams running inside the legs of the arch.

Julia Roberts1967: American actress Julia Roberts, whose deft performances in varied roles helped make her one of the highest-paid and most-influential actresses in the 1990s and early 2000s, was born.

Tidbits of History, October 27

October 27 is:

Cuba Discovery Day, anniversary of the discovery of Cuba by Columbus in 1492.

Navy Day, anniversary of the establishment of the American Navy in 1775.

National American Beer Day
Foodimentary.com says:

The bittering agent in beer, Hops, is closely related to marijuana.
Brown bottles are designed to keep beer fresh.
The average American consumes nearly 23 gallons of beer annually.
According to broadcasting regulations, American beer commercials are not allowed to show anyone consuming alcohol.
Obama is the first American President to brew his own beer.

author of Federalist PaperThe first of the Federalist Papers, a series of essays calling for ratification of the U.S. Constitution, was published in a New York newspaper in 1787. The Federalist Papers refers to a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Federalist #1
Significant Quotes:

It seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force. If there be any truth in the remark, the crisis at which we are arrived may with propriety be regarded as the era in which that decision is to be made; and a wrong election of the part we shall act may, in this view, deserve to be considered as the general misfortune of mankind.

Of those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the greatest number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the people, commencing demagogues and ending tyrants.

In politics, as in religion, it is equally absurd to aim at making proselytes by fire and sword. Heresies in either can rarely be cured by persecution.

T. Roosevelt, October 27, 1858Birthday of Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858), twenty-sixth president of the United States. He became president upon the assassination of William McKinley.

Birthday of Dylan Marlais Thomas (October 27, 1914), Welsh-British poet. Authored “Do not go gentle into that good night”

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Sylvia Plath1932 Birthday of Sylvia Plath, American poet best known for her novel ‘The Bell Jar,’ and for her poetry collections ‘The Colossus’ and ‘Ariel.’

2004: The Boston Red Sox ended the “Curse of the Bambino”—an alleged hex on the team that resulted from its 1920 sale of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees—by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals to win the World Series title, the team’s first in 86 years.

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Tidbits of History, October 26

October 26 is:

National Mincemeat Pie Day
Per Foodimentary.com

Mince pies are descended from a huge pie baked on Christmas Eve containing chopped beef, suet, nuts, spices and fruit of which whole dried plums were an important constituent.
It was generally served as an entree.
Gradually the meat content was reduced, and today the mixture contains nuts, dried fruit (raisins, apples, pears, citrus peel, etc.), beef suet, spices and brandy or rum, but no beef.
Mincemeat is used primarily in pies and tarts.

The first Continental Congress adjourned in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Congress met from September 5 to October 26, 1774 in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts and the Congress petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances. Fifty-six delegates from all the colonies except Georgia drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances and elected Virginian Peyton Randolph as the first president of Congress. Patrick Henry, George Washington, John Adams, and John Jay were among the delegates.

King George III, October 26, 1775A year later, in 1775 – King George III of Great Britain went before Parliament to declare the American colonies were in rebellion, and to authorize a military response to quell the American Revolution.

Pony Express ended October 26, 1861The Pony Express officially ceased operations. From April 3, 1860, to October 1861, it became the West’s most direct means of east–west communication before the telegraph was established and was vital for tying the new state of California with the rest of the country.

Wyatt Earp, his two brothers and “Doc” Holliday confronted Ike Clanton’s gang in a gunfight at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Ariz in 1881. When the dust cleared, Billy Clanton and the McLaury brothers were dead, and Virgil and Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday were wounded. Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne had run for the hills. Sheriff John Behan of Cochise County, who witnessed the shootout, charged the Earps and Holliday with murder. A month later, however, a Tombstone judge found the men not guilty, ruling that they were “fully justified in committing these homicides.” The famous shootout has been immortalized in many movies, including Frontier Marshal (1939), Gunfight at the OK Corral (1957), Tombstone (1993) and Wyatt Earp (1994).

Norway/SwedenOctober 26, 1905 – Norway became independent from Sweden. Per Wikipedia: The United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905. Over the years, a divergence of Norwegian and Swedish interests became apparent. In particular, Norwegians felt that their foreign policy interests were inadequately served by Sweden’s ministry of foreign affairs. There were several driving factors behind the growing conflict:

  • Norway’s economy was more dependent on foreign trade and thus more sensitive to the protectionist measures favored by the mercantalist Swedish government at the time.
  • Norway had trading and other links with the United Kingdom whereas Sweden had closer links with Germany.
  • Norway had more interests than Sweden did outside Europe.

In addition, Norwegian politics were increasingly dominated by liberal tendencies characterized by the extension of parliamentary democracy, while Swedish politics tended to be more conservative.

October 26, 1947Birthday of Hillary Rodham Clinton (October 26, 1947), wife of William Jefferson Clinton; first lady 1993-2001. Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president of the United States by a major political party when she won the Democratic Party nomination in 2016. She lost to President Donald J. Trump.

President Harry S. Truman, born May 8, 1884, died December 26, 19721949 – U.S. President Harry Truman raised the minimum wage from 40 to 75 cents an hour.

Tidbits of History, October 25

October 25 is:

National Greasy Foods Day

Feast Day of Saints Crispin and Crispinian, patron saints of cobblers, curriers, tanners, and leather workers. It is said that they were brothers who spread Christianity during the day and made shoes at night to support themselves. They were tortured and thrown into the river with millstones around their necks. Though they survived, they were beheaded by the Emperor on October 25th, 285 or 286.

“St. Crispin’s Day” is referred to by William Shakespeare in Henry V describing the battle of Agincourt, from which we get the phrase “the band of brothers”.

Crispin Crispian shall ne’er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be remember’d;
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers

Johann Strauss1825 Birthday of Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer. Compositions such as The Blue Danube helped establish Strauss as “the Waltz King” and earned him a place in music history.

Georges BizetBirthday of Georges Bizet (October 25, 1838), French composer whose most famous work is the opera “Carmen”. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the “Habanera” from act 1 and the “Toreador Song” from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias.

The Habanera

Pablo PicassoBirthday of Pablo Ruiz Picasso (October 25, 1881), Spanish-born painter and sculptor; founder of the Cubist school and leader in the surrealistic movement in France. Please visit Wikiart for pictures of his work.

Richard ByrdBirthday of Richard Evelyn Byrd (October 25, 1888), American naval officer and polar explorer who made five important expeditions to the Antarctic. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the highest honor for valor given by the United States, and was a pioneering American aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics.

Caroline Harrison, Oct 1, 1832Former First Lady,Carolyn Harrison, wife of Benjamin Harrison, died on this day in 1892 of tuberculosis. She was the second First Lady to die while her husband was President, the first one being Letitia Tyler in 1842.

Albert Fall1929 Former Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall was convicted of accepting $100,000 bribe in the Teapot scandal. He was the first US Cabinet member to go to jail.

Fall was appointed to the position of Secretary of the Interior by President Warren G. Harding in March 1921. He had been a U. S. Senator from New Mexico. Soon after his appointment, Harding convinced Edwin Denby, the Secretary of the Navy, that Fall’s department should take over responsibility for the Naval Reserves at Elk Hills, California, Buena Vista, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming. This last setting became the namesake of the scandal to erupt in April 1922 when The Wall Street Journal reported that Secretary Fall had decided that two of his friends, oilmen Harry F. Sinclair (Mammoth Oil Corporation) and Edward L. Doheny (Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company), should be given leases to drill in parts of these Naval Reserves without open bidding. His acceptance of bribes for the leases resulted in the Teapot Dome scandal.

From Today in Science
Microwave oven
In 1955, the first domestic microwave oven was sold by Tappan. In 1947, Raytheon demonstrated the “Radarange,” the world’s first microwave oven. Ratheon’s commercial, refrigerator-sized microwave ovens cost between $2,000 and $3,000. In 1952, Raytheon entered into a licensing agreement with Tappan Stove Company which had a consumer distribution and marketing infrastructure. In 1955, Tappan introduced the first domestic microwave oven, a 220-volt more compact wall-unit the size of a conventional oven, but less powerful microwave generating system. It had two cooking speeds (500 or 800 watts), stainless steel exterior, glass shelf, top browning element and a recipe card drawer. However, at $1,300 sales were slow.

2001 Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system.