Tidbits of history – The month of May

Tidbits of history: May, the fifth month of the year, might have been named for Maia, the Roman goddess of spring and growth, or for the Majores, a branch of the Roman Senate. It is a month that is associated with flowers and mild weather in the northern hemisphere but it is a winter month in the southern hemisphere.

The first day, called May Day, was once a popular festival honoring Flora, the goddess of flowers. It was a day of Maypole dancing and other charming customs, many of which disappeared with the fast pace of progress in the Western world. In the last half of the twentieth century, the day has been celebrated as a favorite international holiday for workers of all kinds. At least 66 nations in the world celebrate Labor Day on May 1 with parades, speeches, and civic gatherings. In a few European countries such as Finland, the day is also a special spring festival for students.

May is the “month of Mary” for Roman Catholics throughout the world. The Virgin Mary is honored during the entire month with pilgrimages and observances at great cathedrals and at special shrines. In the U.S. it is the month when the Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish faiths, each in its own way, observe National Family Week, which leads up to the most popular of May observances, Mother’s Day.

The special flowers for the month are the hawthorn and the lily of the valley.

Hawthorn for month of May

Lily of the Valley, flower for May

The birthstone is the emerald.

…from Gregory, Ruth W. Anniversaries and Holidays, Third Edition;. Chicago: American Library Association, 1975.

This month is celebrated as:

  • Date Your Mate Month
  • Foster Care Month
  • National Barbecue Month
  • National Bike Month
  • National Blood Pressure Month
  • National Chocolate Custard Month
  • National Egg Month
  • National Hamburger Month
  • National Loaded Potato Month
  • National Photograph Month
  • National Recommitment Month
  • National Salad Month
  • National Salsa Month
  • National Strawberry Month
  • Older Americans Month

And, in May you can celebrate:

  • National Nurse’s Week – begins on May 6, ends on May 12, birthday of Florence Nightingale
  • Wildflower Week – week two
  • National Bike Week – third week
  • National Police Week – third week
  • Emergency Medical Services Week – fourth week

The expression “The Merry Month of May” originates in a poem by Thomas Dekker, first performed in 1599.

O, the month of May, the merry month of May,
So frolic, so gay, and so green, so green, so green!
O, and then did I unto my true love say,
Sweet Peg, thou shalt be my Summer’s Queen.

O, the month of May, the merry month of May,
So frolic, so gay, and so green, so green, so green;
And then did I unto my true love say,
Sweet Peg, thou shalt be my Summer’s Queen.

May 11 celebrates the admission of Minnesota to the U.S.
May 23 celebrates the admission of South Carolina to the U.S.
May 29 celebrates the admission of Wisconsin and Rhode Island to the U.S.

Tidbits of History, April 30

April 30 is National Oatmeal Cookie Day
National Raisin Day
Hairstyle Appreciation Day
National Honesty Day

Walpurgis Night, an ancient festival to ward off witches, warlocks, and demons observed in the towns of the Harz Mountains of Germany and in Finland and the Scandinavian countries.

In the year 311, the Diocletianic (named after Emperor Diocletian) Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ended.

1598 – Juan Oñate made a formal declaration of his Conquest of New Mexico.

On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington took the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States on April 30, 1789.

April 30, 1803 – The United States purchased the Louisiana territory from France.

Louisiana headerLouisiana Admission Day on April 30, 1812, eighteenth state

  • Capital: Baton Rouge
  • Nickname: Pelican State
  • Bird: Eastern brown pelican
  • Flower: Magnolia
  • Tree: Bald Cypress
  • Motto: Union, justice, and confidence

See our page for Louisiana for more interesting facts and trivia about Louisiana

1871 – The Camp Grant Massacre took place in Arizona Territory. 148 Arizonans — comprised of six Anglos, 94 San Xavier Papagos and 48 Mexicans slaughtered eight men and 110 women and children. In addition, 28 Camp Grant papoose were kidnapped for sale in the child slave trade.

In December, 1871, 104 posse members were indicted and brought to trial in Tucson, Judge John Titus presiding. The trial was more of a formality to appease the federal government and sympathetic easterners. On the western frontier, it was impossible to convict anyone for murdering Apaches. Thus after five days of trial and 19 minutes of jury deliberation, the verdict was pronounced by the jury foreman, John B. Allen, “Not Guilty!” The 104 accused were exonerated.Details from Desert Magazine.

1885 – Governor of New York, David B. Hill signed legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York’s first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.

1894 – Coxey’s Army reached Washington, D.C. to protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893.

1900 – Hawaii became a territory of the United States.

1900 – Casey Jones died in a train wreck in Vaughan, Mississippi, while trying to make up time on the Cannonball Express.

1904 – The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World’s Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri. Setting for the movie “Meet Me In St. Louis”.

April 30, 1945 – Adolf Hitler committed suicide on the same day that the Soviet Army raised the Red Flag on Berlin’s Reichstag.

800px-Hoover_sm1947 – In Nevada, the Boulder Dam was renamed the Hoover Dam a second time.

The site of the dam is Black Canyon or Boulder Canyon. The building of the dam was authorized in 1928 and was generally referred to as the “Boulder Canyon Project”. No name for the dam was mentioned in the congressional authorization.

In a speech at the ceremony which began the building of a railroad connection between Las Vegas, Nevada and the dam site, Secretary of the Interior, Ray Wilbur called it Hoover Dam in honor of the sitting president.

Following Roosevelt’s election, his Secretary of the Interior, Harold Ickes, ordered that the dam be referred to as “Boulder Dam” and at the dedication ceremony on Sept 30, 1935 he spoke the name “Boulder Dam’ at least five times within thirty seconds.

The name failed to take hold and, with the passage of time, the memories of the Great Depression faded. In 1947 a bill passed both Houses of Congress unanimously restoring the name “Hoover Dam”.

Organization of American States charter signed at Bogota, Colombia on April 30, 1948.

The Diary of Anne Frank was published in English on this date in 1952.

On April 30, 1975, the Vietnam War ended, as North Vietnamese forces take Saigon.

April 30, 1980 – Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicated the throne, and her daughter becomes Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Beatrix later also abdicated, on this day in 2013, in favor of her son, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.

Bill Elliott1987 Bill Elliott set the all-time speed record of 212.8 mph at Talladega Speedway during qualifying for the race to be run on May 3, 1987.

CERN announces in 1993 that the World Wide Web protocols will be free.

Tidbits of History, April 29

April 29 is:

Greenery Day, a national holiday in Japan
National Shrimp Scampi Day

On April 29, 1429, Joan of Arc arrived to relieve the Siege of Orleans.

In 1553, a Flemish woman introduced the practice of starching linen into England. Bless her heart!

James Cook arrived at and named Botany Bay, Australia. on April 29, 1770.

1784 – Premiere of Mozart’s Sonata in B flat, (Vienna).

First edition of Peter Roget’s Thesaurus published in 1852.

On April 29, 1862, New Orleans, Louisiana fell to Union forces under Admiral David Farragut. He is remembered for his order at the Battle of Mobile Bay, usually paraphrased as “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead” in U.S. Navy tradition.

The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the People’s Budget on April 29, 1910, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public. See article: The People’s Budget.
(In 2012 the U.S. Congressional Progressive Caucus proposed a “People’s Budget” which promised the same goals of eliminating the national debt and putting Americans back to work through income redistribution. See Congressional Progressive Caucus for the Fiscal Year 2019 Congressional Progressive Caucus’s People’s Budget: A Progressive Path Forward. Goals include universal access to affordable, high quality healthcare” (universal healthcare or single-payer healthcare), fair trade agreements, living wage laws, the right of all workers to organize into labor unions and engage in collective bargaining, the abolition of the USA PATRIOT Act, the legalization of same-sex marriage, U.S. participation in international treaties such as the climate change related Kyoto Accords, responsible reductions in profligate military expenditure, strict campaign finance reform laws, a crackdown on corporate welfare and influence, an increase in income tax rates on upper-middle and upper class households, tax cuts for the poor and an increase in welfare spending by the federal government. Currently there are 78 members of the House of Representatives and one Senator (Bernie Sanders) who are members of the caucus.

1945 – American soldiers liberated the Dachau concentration camp in Germany. There were 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands that are undocumented.

Roger ClemensOn April 29, 1986, in a game against the Seattle Mariners at Fenway Park, Roger Clemens of the Boston Red Sox becomes the first pitcher in Major League Baseball to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game. Ten years later, Clemens repeated the feat, the only player in baseball history to do so.

In 2002, the United States was re-elected to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, one year after losing the seat it had held for 50 years. In 2006 it was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council.

Tidbits of History, April 28

April 28 is:
National Blueberry Pie Day
International Astronomy Day
Great Poetry Reading Day

EeyoreEeyore’s Birthday – (Eeyore is a character in the Winnie-the-Pooh books by A. A. Milne. He is generally characterized as a pessimistic, gloomy, depressed, anhedonic [not able to feel pleasure], old grey stuffed donkey who is a friend of the title character, Winnie-the-Pooh.)

Kiss Your Mate Day As if that’s not a good idea EVERY DAY!

monroe-April-28Birthday of James Monroe 1758, fifth president of the United States (1809-1817). In 1776, during the Battle of Trenton, a bullet grazed the left side of Monroe’s chest, hitting his shoulder and injuring the axillary artery. Monroe lost a lot of blood, but a doctor stepped in and saved his life by putting his index finger into the wound to stop the bleeding. Surgeons could not find the bullet, so Monroe lived with the bullet for the rest of his life. He died on July 4, 1831, the third ex-president to die on July 4th.

Maryland HeaderMaryland Admission day on April 28, 1788, seventh state

  • Capital: Annapolis
  • Nickname: Old Line State/Free State
  • Bird: Baltimore Oriole
  • Flower: Black-eyed Susan
  • Tree: White Oak
  • Motto: Manly deeds; womanly words

See our page on Maryland for more interesting facts and trivia about Maryland.

April 28, 1789, Mutiny on the ship Bounty in the Pacific Ocean, led by Fletcher Christian. Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then set sail for Pitcairn Island.

The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas on April 28, 1930.

A vaccine for yellow fever was announced for use on humans in 1932.

On April 28, 1945, Benito Mussolini was executed by Italian partisans.

April 28, 1947 – In Peru, Thor Heyerdahl starts his Kon-Tiki expedition aimed at proving his theory that the Polynesian settlers on the Pacific Ocean’s islands came from South America.

Tidbits of History, April 27

April 27 is:
Babe Ruth Day
National Prime Rib Day
Tell a Story Day
Morse Code Day

Anniversary of the death of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, Portuguese navigator, first to circumnavigate the earth.

The blind and impoverished John Milton sold the copyright of Paradise Lost for £10 in 1667.

Birthday of Samuel Finley Breece Morse (1791), American inventor of the electric telegraph and the Morse code.

April 27, 1805, First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The “shores of Tripoli” part of the Marines’ hymn). See benneynlinda.com

From the Halls of Montezuma
To the Shores of Tripoli;
We fight our country’s battles
In the air, on land and sea;
First to fight for right and freedom
And to keep our honor clean;
We are proud to claim the title
of United States Marines.

Our flag’s unfurled to every breeze
From dawn to setting sun;
We have fought in ev’ry clime and place
Where we could take a gun;
In the snow of far-off Northern lands
And in sunny tropic scenes;
You will find us always on the job–
The United States Marines.

Here’s health to you and to our Corps
Which we are proud to serve
In many a strife we’ve fought for life
And never lost our nerve;
If the Army and the Navy
Ever look on Heaven’s scenes;
They will find the streets are guarded
By United States Marines.

 

In 1810, Beethoven composed Für Elise.

War of 1812: On April 27, 1813, American troops under the command of General Pike captured the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York (present day Toronto, Canada). Pike was killed.

18grantBirthday of Ulysses Simpson Grant 1822, eighteenth president of the United States. Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio. He attended West Point Military Academy where his admission papers wrongly named him U. S. Grant. His nickname at the Academy became “Sam”. Some thought the “S” stood for Simpson, Grant’s mother’s maiden name, but, according to Grant, the “S.” did not stand for anything. Upon graduation from the academy he adopted the name “Ulysses S. Grant”.

Parliament_at_SunsetOn April 27, 1840, the foundation stone for new Palace of Westminster, London, was laid by wife of Sir Charles Barry.

American President Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus on April 27, 1861.

S S SultanaOn April 27, 1865, the steamboat SS Sultana , carrying more than 2100 passengers, exploded and sank in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville and Cahaba Prisons. Although designed with a capacity of only 376 passengers, she was carrying 2,137 when three of the boat’s four boilers exploded and she burned to the waterline and sank near Memphis, Tennessee. The disaster was overshadowed in the press by events surrounding the end of the American Civil War, including the killing of President Lincoln’s assassin John Wilkes Booth just the day before, and no one was ever held accountable for the tragedy.

Tidbits of History, April 26

April 26 is:

Hug an Australian Day
National Pretzel Day
Richter Scale Day

Cape Henry Day, designated annually by proclamation of the governor of Virginia as a commemoration of the first landing on American soil of the expedition that founded Jamestown in 1607.

Birthday of John James Audubon on April 26, 1785, American ornithologist and artist.
His major work, a color-plate book entitled The Birds of America (1827–1839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works ever completed. Audubon identified 25 new species.

In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte signed a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Régime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

Birthday of Frederick Law Olmsted (1822), American landscape architect, noted for his design of Central Park in New York City and for planning for Yosemite National Park and the Niagara Falls Park project. Known as the Father of Landscape architecture.

John Wilkes BoothOn April 26, 1865, Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

April 26, 1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeated Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic (1918-1933).

Lou GehrigOn this day in 1931, Lou Gehrig hit a Home Run but was called “out” for passing a runner; the mistake cost him the American League home run crown;
The ball bounced back onto the field, was fielded by Sam Rice of the Senators, and thrown back towards the infielders.  Lyn Lary, who was on first base, thought the ball was caught so after rounding third he headed into the dugout. Gehrig touched home (passing the runner), was called out, and credited by the official scorer with a triple,  costing him a home run and eventually the exclusive home run title for the 1931 season.  He and Babe Ruth tied for season.

The Gestapo, the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, was established in 1933.

April 26, 1964 – Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.

April 26, 1986 – A reactor explosion occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in present-day Ukraine, with radiation spreading around Europe and the world.

Tidbits of History, April 25

April 25 is National Zucchini Bread Day
East meets West Day – National East Meets West Day is observed annually on April 25th. Also known as Elbe Day, this day commemorates the day the Eastern front of the Allied forces met the Western front on the River Elbe.
World War II had been raging for over six years. During the previous year, several events had begun to turn the tides of the war against the Axis powers. In April of 1945, the Allies were marching toward peace, but it would require a coordinated effort from both American troops in the East and Soviet armies from the West.
The armies were not supposed to make contact with each other. They were given orders to remain on their eastern and western banks of the river while officers from each division formalized occupation of Berlin.
However, when the two armies met on April 25th south of Berlin outside Torgau on the River Elbe, patrols were sent across the river in a small boat. The first to make contact were American First Lieutenant Albert Kotzebue and Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gardiev along with their commands.
Two days later, photographers commemorated the event of the Eastern front meeting the Western front.

World Penguin Day

Birthday of Guglielmo Marconi, April 25, 1874, Italian electrician who perfected wireless telegraphy

800px-Waldseemuller_map_21507-04-25 – Geographer Martin Waldseemuller first used name America. He and Matthias Ringmann are credited with the first recorded usage of the word “America”, on the 1507 map Universalis Cosmographia in honour of the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

The Thornton Affair of April 25, 1846, was a battle in 1846 between the military forces of the United States and Mexico, twenty miles west along the Rio Grande from Zachary Taylor’s camp. The much larger Mexican force completely defeated the Americans in the opening of hostilities, and was the primary justification for U.S. President James K. Polk’s call to Congress to declare war.

Donner party mapApril 25, 1847 – The last survivors of the Donner Party were led out of the wilderness. The group left Missouri in the late spring of 1846. The journey to California normally took 4-6 months. After reaching Wyoming, most California-bound pioneers followed a route that swooped north through Idaho before turning south and moving across Nevada. The Donner Party took a “shortcut”. They bypassed established trails and instead crossed Utah’s Wasatch Mountains and the Great Salt Lake Desert. The desolate and rugged terrain, and the difficulties they later encountered while traveling along the Humboldt River in present-day Nevada, resulted in the loss of many cattle and wagons. By early November, the migrants had reached the Sierra Nevada but became trapped by an early, heavy snowfall near Truckee Lake (now Donner Lake) high in the mountains. Their food supplies ran dangerously low, and in mid-December some of the group set out on foot to obtain help. The relief party did not arrive until the middle of February 1847, almost four months after the wagon train became trapped. Of the 87 members of the party, 48 survived the ordeal.

1901 – New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.

Anniversary of the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway for lake traffic to the Midwest on April 25, 1959.

1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton completed the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.

Tidbits of History, April 24

Pig in a Blanket Day

1184 BC – The Greeks entered Troy using the Trojan Horse (traditional date).

Anniversary of the death of Daniel Defoe in 1731, author of Robinson Crusoe. Defoe’s suspected inspiration for Robinson Crusoe is thought to be Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk. By the end of the nineteenth century, no book in the history of Western literature had more editions, spin-offs and translations (even into languages such as Inuktitut, Coptic and Maltese) than Robinson Crusoe, with more than 700 such alternative versions, including children’s versions with pictures and no text.

April 24, 1800 – The United States Library of Congress was established when President John Adams signed legislation to appropriate $5,000 USD to purchase “such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress”.

Jefferson_Memorial built by John Russell (born April 24, 1874)Birthday of John Russell Pope (1874), American architect whose work includes the National Gallery of Art and the Jefferson Memorial

Spanish-American War: Spain declared war April 24, 1898, after rejecting US ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba.

1901 The Chicago White Stockings win against the Cleveland Blues in the first game played in baseball’s American League. It claimed major league status 25 years after the formation of the National League. The American League was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at the former Republican Hotel by five Irishmen. Eight teams made up the American League:

  • original Baltimore Orioles (went bankrupt and became defunct after 1902 season, not to be confused with the current Baltimore Orioles), replaced in 1903 by the New York Highlanders (became the New York Yankees in 1913)
  • Boston Americans (became the Boston Red Sox in 1908)
  • Chicago White Stockings (became the Chicago White Sox in 1904)
  • Cleveland Blues (became the Cleveland Indians in 1915)
  • Detroit Tigers (name and locale unchanged from 1894 forward)
  • original Milwaukee Brewers (became the St. Louis Browns in 1902 and the new Baltimore Orioles in 1954)
  • Philadelphia Athletics (became the Kansas City Athletics in 1955 and the Oakland Athletics in 1968)
  • original Washington Senators (became the Minnesota Twins in 1961)

The National League in 1900: The eight-team lineupremained unchanged through 1952. All franchises are still in the league, with five remaining in the same city.

  • Boston Beaneaters (later called the Boston Braves, then Milwaukee Braves, now the Atlanta Braves)
  • Brooklyn Superbas (later called the Brooklyn Dodgers, now the Los Angeles Dodgers) The Dodgers were founded in 1880 as the Brooklyn Atlantics, taking the name of a defunct team that had played in Brooklyn before them. The team was known alternatively as the Bridegrooms, Grooms, Superbas, Robins, and Trolley Dodgers before officially becoming the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1930s.
  • Chicago Orphans (now the Chicago Cubs)
  • Cincinnati Reds
  • New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants)
  • Philadelphia Phillies
  • Pittsburgh Pirates
  • St. Louis Cardinals

Woolworth_Building April 24, 19131913 – The Woolworth Building skyscraper in New York City was opened. It was the tallest building in the world from 1913 to 1930 at 792 feet tall with 57 stories.

1967 – Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland says in a news conference that the enemy had “gained support in the United States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily.”

The Hubble Space Telescope was launched on the Space Shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990.

On April 24, 2004, the United States lifted economic sanctions imposed on Libya 18 years previously, as a reward for its cooperation in eliminating weapons of mass destruction.

Tidbits of History, April 23

National Cherry Cheesecake Day
National Picnic Day
Lover’s Day

April 23, 1533 – The Church of England declared that Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon are not married.

Birthday of William Shakespeare (April 23, 1564).

Anniversary of the death of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1616; Spanish novelist, author of Don Quixote.

Dutch Boats in a Gale

Dutch Boats in a Gale

Birthday of Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775), English landscape painter, admired for unusual use of light and color.
See Famous Works of J. M. W. Turner.

1789 – U.S. President George Washington moved into Walter Franklin House (also known as the Samuel Osgood House), New York. It was the first executive mansion.

15buchananBirthday of James Buchanan, (1791), 15th president of the United States. Scholars consistently rank Buchanan as one of the two or three worst American presidents because he did not act to prevent the Civil War.

1900 – The word “hillbilly” was first used in print in an article in the “New York Journal.” It was spelled “Hill-Billie”. It was defined as:

“A Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the hills, has no means to speak of, dresses as he can, talks as he pleases, drinks whiskey when he gets it, and fires off his revolver as the fancy takes him.”

T. Roosevelt1910 – Theodore Roosevelt made his The Man in the Arena speech.

“It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.”

Tidbits of History, April 22

April 22 is :

Passover 2024 begins at sundown on April 22 and ends April 30. Passover, called Pesach, gets its name from a pretty dark story: When Israelites were enslaved in Egypt, God unleashed 10 plagues on Egypt. The 10th plague was the death of every firstborn son. God told Moses to instruct Israelites to mark their doorposts with lambs’ blood so God would “pass over” their homes and let their firstborn sons live. Passover celebrates the Exodus, when Israelites fled to freedom from their enslavement in Egypt.

Girl Scout Leader Day
National Jelly Bean Day
Earth Day

Queen Isabella Day, honoring the 1451 birth of the Spanish queen who financed Christopher Columbus. Interesting sidenote: Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, were the parents of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII.

April 22, 1502 – Pedro Alvares Cabral became the first European to reach present-day Brazil. Celebrated as Discovery Day in Brazil.

Treaty of Saragossa in 1529 divided the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Molucca Islands in Indonesia.

Birthday of Immanuel Kant in 1724, German philosopher.

Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836, forces under Texas General Sam Houston captured Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

1864 – The U.S. Congress passed the Coinage Act which mandates that the inscription “In God We Trust” be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.

Birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in 1870, Russian revolutionary.

1876 – The first official National League baseball game took place. Boston beat Philadelphia 6-5.

800px-OkterritoryOklahoma Day celebrating the anniversary of the opening of the Oklahoma Territory for settlement in 1889.

Hat in the Ring1915 – The New York Yankees wore pinstripes and the hat-in-the-ring logo for the first time.

Version 1.0 of the Mosaic web browser is released on April 22, 1993. From this code sprang Internet Explorer, and from the people who wrote it, we get Netscape, then FireFox.

Richard_Nixon died April 22, 1994April 22, 1994: Death of Richard Milhous Nixon , thirty-seventh President of the United States, the only president to resign from the office. Nixon died of a debilitating stroke in New York City at age 81.

2000 – In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seized six-year-old Elián González from his relatives’ home in Miami, Florida.